Public Administration || Paper 1 || Techniques of Improvement

Organizations & Methods (O&M)

1.   Work Study and work measurement

2.   G Ayanger Committee recommended for O&M in Govt. departments.

3.   Inspiration from Paul. H. Appleby.

4.   Now under MoPT – Department of Administrative reforms.

5.   Main components: Training, research, publications, investigations and ultimately to the One Best Way.

e-Governance

1.   Use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Governance to make it SMART (Simple Moral Accountable Responsive Transparent)

2.   Stages of e-Governance – Information dissemination; two-way communication; Service & financial transactions; Integration; Political participation.

3.   Modes of e-Governance – Broadcasting; Critical flow; comparative analysis; e-Advocacy and lobbying; Interactive-service model;

4.   National e-Governance Plan – G2G; G2C; G2B; G2E; State Wide Area Network (SWAN); State Data centers (SDCs); Common Service Centers (CSCs).

5.   Various Projects

a.   E-SLA in Delhi

b.   e-Seva in AP

c.   FRIENDS in Kerala

d.   Bhulekh in Gujrat

e.   Gyandoot in MP

f.    e-Mitra in Rajasthan

g.   e-Panchayat project in AP

h.   Saukaryam ICT project of Vishakapatnam

6.   Cyber threats in the forms of

a.   Cyber security

b.   Cyber crime

c.   Cyber espionage

d.   Cyber warfare

7.   Institutions dealing with Cyber threats – CERT-In; NTRO; NCIIPC;

Critical Path Method (CPM)

1.   Genesis 1956 Dupont Technologies

2.   Deterministic model

3.   Time of the processes must be known

4.   Useful in case of small organizations

Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

1.   Genesis 1957 US Navy Polaris Submarine project.

2.   Probabilistic model

3.   For indefinite times.

4.   Useful for large organizations.

Components of GIS

1.   Data Capture

2.   Data integration

3.   Data modeling