Public Administration || Paper 2 || Civil Services

Constitutional Position

1.   Right to Association only for govt. recognized bodies.

2.   No Right to strike; Considered breach of Civil Service code.

3.   Political Rights – No election; No membership; No canvassing; (local govt. election relaxation allowed).

4.   Art 311 – safeguards for civil servants.

5.   Art 312 – Creation of AIS.

6.   Art 315 – UPSC.

All India Services

1.   IAS, IPS and IFoS (1966)

2.   The 2^nd ARC has recommended two more – Indian Medical Health Service and Indian Education Service.

3.   Rajamannar Committee recommended their abolition.

Types of Services

1.   Technical – Indian Economic Service etc.

2.   Non technical

a.   Specialists – IPS, IRS etc.

b.   Generalists – IAS.

Whitleyism

1.   Staff associations to Staff Councils.

2.   Then formation of Joint Consultative Mechanism – National, departmental and local.

3.   Then formation of CAT (Art 323A) – 01 Chair, 16 Vice-Chair, 49 members; Principles of natural justice; Issues – no legal aid and missing accountability in appointments.

Civil Service neutrality

1.   Observing neutrality wrt

a.   Classes

b.   Political parties

c.   Cultural groups

2.   Mastermann Committee (UK); Hoover Commission (USA); Both recommended this three-fold approach to neutrality.

Types of Politicized Bureaucracy (O.P.Dwiwedi & R.B.Jain)

1.   Depoliticized or Neutral

2.   Semi-politicized

3.   Committed

4.   Fully politicized