Saturday, June 15, 2013

Police Reforms:The Stubborn Sentinels of India



Even after 65 years of having freed ourselves from the repressive colonial rule, the Indian Police has failed to transform itself amidst the colors of democracy. It is still a symbol of oppression, cruelty and corruption. Let us examine what stops it from becoming an epitome of security, neutrality and integrity.

Change is inevitable and so are the challenges that crop up with the novel conditions. And with these swirling environmental factors, any system must adapt in order to survive and more importantly to perform efficiently. The status of Indian Police today is retrograde and the shortcomings are conspicuous but still surprisingly nothing concrete is being done regarding it. It still carries that repressive outlook that the British painted to help themselves by nipping in the bud any kind of rebellion against them. It was meant to be coercive then, but why the uncanny continuance and the unfair silence of our so called representatives.

The Police administration is no different and like other bureaus it is too plagued with corruption. The corruption is more visible in the lower rungs as those construe the interface with the people. But one cannot confidently deny the possibilities in the top levels. People struggling to make a living in this country often feel that knocking on the doors of Police can prove to be a costly affair and decide otherwise. Justice apparently has also become a commodity. Corruption is though, only one of the numerous problems of the current day policing in India. The police force of the country is heavily overburdened and has one of the worst policeman-population ratio in the world. Moreover, the arbitrary transfers of senior level officers in the Indian Police is a big hurdle before attainment of efficiency and effectiveness. Though the appointments are facilitated by a panel-system, still they do not reflect the consideration of ability over seniority. Also, the reluctance of registering FIRs by the policeman is a big concern. Untrained policemen equipped with age-old rusted arms cannot fight the super equipped militants. 

It is not that efforts have not been made to reform the policing system. Numerous committees have been constituted over the last three-four decades but there recommendations have been lying in the dusty corners of our bureaucracies and thus implementation remains a far off dream. It all started with the constitution of a National Police Commission in 1977 which had many eminent personnel of the government but somehow the reports could not be materialized amidst the political transitions in the country. And as it happens with every other committee, even this one was forgotten over time. The indifference shown by the political leaders was frustrating for those who understood the importance of police reforms in the country. And at precisely this moment, the country witnessed a small step which was to become a major determinant to the fate of police reforms in the country and in fact to shape the instrumentalities of the reforms. Two retired Director General’s of Police (DGPs) in 1996 filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court directing the governments to implement the recommendation of the National Police Commission. It was only in 2006 that the Supreme Court delivered a landmark judgment requiring the governments to implement the seven directives as listed by the court.

In tune with these directives, the union government constituted various high profile committees like the Ribeiro Committee, Padmanabhaiah Committee and then more recently the Soli Sorabjee Committee. All the recommendations given by these committees headed by erudite people in the field of policing have the potential to overhaul it and make it efficient, transparent and accountable. Throwing some light on these recommendations helps us present a clearer picture of the state of affairs.

First and foremost, the investigation part should be bifurcated and given to investigation agencies which will help the overburdened police to maintain law and order efficiently. The dual burden has been hampering police functioning and both the dimensions are suffering badly. And as the priority lies with Law & Order, the investigation part has always been ignored and thus lacks the institutional support and level of sophistication. Secondly, the tenure of higher officials should be fixed for at least 2-3 years. That would check the political interference. Every other day we hear and read about IPS officers being transferred at the whims of politicians drowned in the tainted waters of nepotism and favoritism, this needs to be curbed.

Thirdly, an independent commission should be constituted for the appointment of heads of armed forces and higher level appointments in the police. This would help to curtail the preponderance of political interference in the high level decision making process of all such organizations. Another fundamental flaw with the whole arrangement is that in case a civilian has a grievance against Police personnel, he has almost no option to pursue. Apparently there has been an assumption that the police personnel will never err or will never abuse power. In this view, Police Complaint boards need to be established at state and district levels to be headed by retired judges. This would bring accountability and would check the arbitrariness of police working. Lastly, we need to train the policemen in general warfare and provide them with modern arms and ammunition. Consider the growing instances of insurgency and naxalism across the length and breadth of the country. These military outfits have sophisticated arsenal with them and the mildly equipped police forces are no threat to them. Recently there have been numerous instances of our policemen being killed by these outfits. A large part of the blame goes to the government which is clearly not providing them adequate training and the necessary skills and weapons to handle such situations across the red corridor of the country.

Another dimension that needs to be touched is doing away with the repressive image of the Police and replacing it with a friendly & approachable outlook. These are no colonial times anymore and we are a democracy now. People still fear going to the Police for their problems, they have lost faith in them and only think of them as the last resort. One of the classical ways to build up relationship is cooperation and in this reference, many projects of Community Policing have proved to be very effective. Community policing is a platform where the Police cooperates with the local residents and citizens to facilitate maintenance of law and order. Moreover, in some cases the locals are entrusted with a larger responsibility by means of forming an organization. For instance, Delhi Police have initiated various Neighborhood Watchmen Schemes in collaboration with the Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) of Delhi. Such models which facilitate locals working with the Police are proving to be excellent avenues of inculcating faith and building effective relationships.

Moreover, the agitations taking place in the country over the State’s inability to protect women have further aggravated the need for police reforms. The women folks are the major victims of the harshness shown by our protectors and most of them fear to go to the Police stations to register complaints. This situation is worse in rural areas which are still eclipsed by the shadows of patriarchy. The percentage of women personnel in Police is nowhere near the global trend and a lot needs to be done in this direction. To start with, we should train the lower rungs of the Police regarding how women victims should be dealt with? This can be done by sensitizing the Police personnel on feminine issues. Another way is to open All-Women Police Stations and Tamil Nadu which has the maximum such stations in the country can be the torch bearer for the other states to follow. As per recent reports, the country only has 442 such stations and 13 States do not have even a single such station which clearly shows the lack of interest by the states. The central government needs to follow up on this in mission-mode so as to ensure security for women throughout the country.  


At the commencement of the Constitution of India, we rechristened the Indian Police force to Indian Police Service (IPS) but unfortunately this transformation has only been on paper and not in spirit. We desperately need to conceptualize a framework to implement this transformation so that these stubborn sentinels realize that they have been inducted to serve the people of this country and not to harass them!

Published in Pardesi Pulse

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